In this article we are going you discuss conversion process of NetCDF to geoTIFF file. Here this conversion is required because many of servers does not directly support NetCDF. You need to install some plug-ins to publish and view the Netcdf data. So it would be better to convert the Netcdf data in geotiff for particular bands so that you do not have to install plugins.
NetCDF data is a multi-Dimensional data to store large number of bands in one file. There can be various dimensional such as space (Latitude, Longitude and Altitude) and time. In bands you can have information about pressure, temperature, wind direction etc. You can look over in detail of multidimensional data of NetCDF file.
Convert NetCDF into GeoTiff using gdal utility
For using Gdal utility you need to add gdal in your system. For that you can follow the given commands
To check the availability of ogr2ogr in system, you can type the command ogr2ogr and get following response
Now you can follow the given command to convert NetCDF in GeoTiff
Here we have used gdal_translate utility of GDAL. It has following options
Here -a_srs srs_def defines the assignment of SRS (Spatial Reference system) to output file. we have selected EPSG (European Petroleum Survey Group) 4326. You can choose your file’s SRS. The next option is NetCDF file name with a band which needed to be convert in geotiff. The option -of is the Output file format. Here ‘Gtiff’ is geotiff driver in gdal. After this specify the output file name with .geotiff or .tiff extension.
Output Geotiff file- Convert NetCDF to Geotiff
The generated output tiff file can be viewd in QGIS software.
The output shows one of the band converted into geotiff. It has multiple bands. Similarly you can can convert other file in geotiff like HDF5 to GeoTIFF or Grib to GeoTIFF.
For more information or any help you can comment in given box. We are always available for your help.
In this tutorial, we will find out how a can we convert GRIB to GeoTIFF file format. First of all the question is what is GRIB file and why anyone would convert the GRIB file in Geotiff format.
Before taking to conversion of GRIB and GeoTIFF, lets first understand what is GRIB and What is GeoTIFF.
GRIB (General Regularly-distributed Information in Binary) files are multidimensional files. These files are used to store Meteorological data. The data is store in image mosaic format. That measn all the raster bands ate mosaic together to store in one file. You may also look over details of GRIB Multi dimensional data.
Convert GRIB file in Geotiff using GDAL utility-
Here GDAL Utility (gdal_translate) is used . For using this utility you need to add GDAL in your system. please follow the given command
To check the presence of this library, you can type ogr2ogr in command prompt and get the following output.
Now follow the command to convert GRIB in geotiff.
The options available in gdal_translate utility can be viewed by executing command gdal_translate on command prompt.
Here, in the command we have -a_srs to assign SRS (spatial reference system) , specify the GRIB file. The option -of ‘Gtiff’ shows the output file format.
This article is about Convert GeoJSON to GML. Here we are using GDAL utility (ogr2ogr) for conversion. This conversion become useful when you just wants to study or analysis the data in text format. In GML format stores data as text in tags. It makes easy for user to understand the details of attributes. Before conversion, lets look for GeoJSON and GML (Geography Markup Language) in detail.
Convert Geojson to GML
Lets look for specification of GML and GeoJSON file before moving for conversion, as you should be aware of how the files are structured, so that if conversion has any minor error then it can be corrected. If you know specification of both the files, then you may skip and navigate to convert.
GML stores geographic information as text developed by the OpenGIS Consortium (OGC). GML is based on XML and it is not programming language. it is just data describing language. It provides bounding box in the starting of file in ‘Boundedby’ tag. Feature member is defined with geometry property, SRS (Spatial reference system) used, coordinates and attributes.
Specification of GeoJSON
Geojson data is open standard format, contains simple geographical feature with non-spatial data. In type, it has feature collection. That contains name, CRS (coordinate reference system) and features. These features can be line, point, polygon, Multi-Line string and multi-polygon. Properties contains all attribute information.
Convert Geojson to GML using GDAL utility-
For converting GeoJSON to GML we need to have GDAL library in system. you can follow the commands to download the library.
The presence of this utility can be tested by typing ogr2ogr in command prompt.
Now, to check the driversavailable you can follow the given command,
–> ogr2ogr –formats
Convert GeoJSON to GML is an easy process, we also can assign the SRS (Spatial reference system) to the generated output file. ogr2ogr have various options, which can be used while converting file in other format.
In this article we will be discussing about convert GeoJSON to MIF Mapinfo using GDAL utility (Ogr2ogr). This conversion is useful with MapInfo mapping and geographic analysis softwares.
Convert Geojson to MIF MapInfo file
We must understand GeoJSON and MIF format in detail before conversion.
Specification of GeoJSON data- Convert Geojson to MIF
Geojson data is open standard format, contains simple geographical feature with non-spatial data. In type, it has feature collection. That contains name, CRS (coordinate reference system) and features. These features can be line, point, polygon, Multi-Line string and multi-polygon. Properties contains all attribute information.
Specification of MIF data- Convert Geojson to MIF
MIF (Map Info File) File format used by MapInfo mapping and geographic analysis software. This stores a map visualization in a format that can be recognized by third party applications. Also used as an exchange format between GIS applications. This sometimes accompanied by a .MID (MapInfo data) file that contains additional spatial data. MID files are GIS data files created by MapInfo, a spatial data analysis and visualization software, saves spatial data for a corresponding .mif (MapInfo Interchange Format) file. Also used for storing larger data sets not expressed in the MIF file.
MIF file show some general property when open with QGIS software, as like :
i.) Storage type of this layer
–> MapInfo File
ii.) Description of this provider
–> OGR data provider (compiled against GDAL/OGR library version 2.2.2, running against GDAL/OGR library version 2.2.2)
iii.) Source for this layer
–> /var/www/html/PHP_pgrouting/public/shpfolder222/newwhello.mif
iv.) Geometry type of the features in this layer
–> Line
v.) The number of features in this layer
–> 19148
vi.) Capabilities of this layer
–> Fast Access to Features at ID, Presimplify Geometries, Presimplify Geometries with Validity Check
vii.) In layer spatial reference system units
–> xMin,yMin 68.4982,7.92528 : xMax,yMax 97.3348,35.5013
viii.) Layer Spatial Reference System
–> +proj=longlat +datum=WGS84 +no_defs
Now upload your data from system or drag & drop from system.
Once input is uploaded select the output format and if you want to change coordinate reference system then click on the third option. And in the last click on Convert File.
You converted file is published on the map directly.
Check video for steps of conversion for Geojson to MIF.
Convert GeoJSON to MIF using GDAL utility-
Gdal library should be available in system when converting data format from one to another. This utility can be installed in system by following the given commands.
Convert Geojson to MIF
The options available with ogr2ogr utility cab seen by typing ogr2ogr in command prompt.
The drivers or format supported by utility can be seen by typing the following command.
–> ogr2ogr –formats
Convert the Geojson data in MIF with given command.
In this article we would be discussing about conversion of GeoJSON data to KML (Keyhole Markup Language). This conversion is required when you are using software such Google earth to see the data. KML works great with Google earth. There is simple step to Convert GeoJSON to KML using ogr2ogr utility from GDAL library. Before that we must go through specification of GeoJSON and KML.
Geojson data is open standard format, contains simple geographical feature with non-spatial data. In type element it has feature collection. That contains name, CRS (coordinate reference system) and features. These features can be line, point, polygon, Multi-Line string and multi-polygon.
Convert GeoJSON to KML
Specification of KML- Convert GeoJSON to KML
The KML (Keyhole Markup language) this data format contains information in tags. SimpleField contains attribute information with name and type. Style tag contains the style of file as color of lines, points and polygons. Geometry is stored as coordinates in file.
Convert GeoJSON to KML using GDAL Utility-
The conversion requires Gdal utility. This utility can be installed in the system by following the given commands.
By typing ogr2ogr in command prompt you can get the following result. This result shows the presence of ogr2ogr utility in system.
To know the version of installed GDAL library you can type,
–> gdalinfo –version
Before executing the conversion command, you should check the drivers. The drivers can be checked by typing
–> ogr2ogr –formats
in your command prompt. Now check for the GeoJSON and KML driver.
After checking the drivers you can execute the following command.
In this article we are converting GeoJSON to Shapefile shp format. You might be thinking why would anyone convert GeoJSON in shapefile. Answer is very simple Shapefile is very popular data format with open specification for data interoperability among GIS (Geographical information system) softwares. Before moving towards conversion steps we must look for GeoJSON and Shape file in detail. There Specification is given below.
Geojson data is open standard format, contains simple geographical feature with non-spatial data. In type element it has feature collection. That contains name, CRS (coordinate reference system) and features. These features can be line, point, polygon, Multi-Line string and multi-polygon.
Convert GeoJSON to Shapefile
Specification of Shapefile-
Shapefile is very popular data format specially among open source GIS softwares. It has some mandatory files, which contains various information such as index of geometry, attribute data and projection information.
Convert GeoJSON to Shapefile Shp Using Gdal Utility-
Conversion from geojson to shapefile requires GDAL library in your system. For downloading it you can follow given commands.
To check the availability of library can be check by typing ogr2ogr in command prompt. You can also check the version of GDAL library by typing gdalinfo –version.
To convert data from geojson to shapefile we must have format available in library. To check the formats available you can execute the following command,
–> ogr2ogr –formats
you will get the following list that contains the drivers list. Check for the GeoJSON and Shapefile driver.
Now you can execute the conversion command given below,
Here Command shows some options of ogr2ogr utility as -f, which shows output file format, -a_srs shows SRS (spatial reference system) assigned to output file. The Generated output file can be seen on QGIS software.
Converted Output GeoJSON to Shapefile In QGIS software-
Sometimes we need to convert KML to GML where the software supports GML language. But before converting Keyhole markup language to Geography markup language, you should know the basic structure of KML and GML. So that if the file is corrupted then before converting it you can correct it manually and process the same in any GIS converter software to work properly. If you already know structure of this files, then you can directly navigate to the main topic i.e kml to gml conversion of this page.
Know KML and GML data structure before converting kml to gml
WHAT IS KML (Keyhole Markup Language)? – KML (Keyhole Markup Language), is an XML grammar and file format for modeling and storing geographic features such as points, lines,images, and polygons for display in the Google Earth client.KML is based on GML, although it doesn’t formally import GML schemas. KML language is used by a variety of GIS and mapping applications and the specifications are freely available to the public and available to the user community without charge or restriction. The Google Earth client supports a number of display features for rich presentation of GIS data. All of the features supported by the Google Earth client are described in KML. The Google Earth client supports a number of two-dimensional geometric shapes for display in the 3D viewer.
WHAT IS GML (Geography Markup Language)? GML (Geography Markup Language) is only concerned with the representation of the geographic data content. While GML is an effective means for transporting geographic information from one place to another we expect that it will also become an important means of storing geographic information as well.
Convert KML (KeyHole Markup Language) to GML (Geography Markup Language) Using PHP Code-
If you want the conversion using programing or don’t want to use terminal then this can also be done using PHP. You can create a function that defined this command as string and can give this string in shell_exec() method to execute. Shell_exec() actually execute the command and returns output as string.
public function kmltogml($kmlfilepath,$output,$srsno,$srsold){
$query="ogr2ogr -f GML -t_srs EPSG:$srsno -s_srs EPSG:$srsold $output.gml $kmlfilepath";
shell_exec($query);
}
Generated output of kml to gml –
KML to GML – Convert Keyhole to Geography
If you have any problem regrading this tutorial, please let us know via comments in provided comments box.
Convert kml to shp shapefile. Have you extracted and downloaded kml file from Google Earth or Google map and want to render it with your geo library which support shapefile? Do you have KML data given from third party and want to give a proper representation of data over map by converting the same in shapefile? If so, here is an article to convert kml to shp using command line tool ogr2ogr or using php code. While if you use QGIS tool, you can look over kml to shp convert using QGISor else continue using this article.
KML (Keyhole Markup Language)is very popular GIS format. It is available in text format containing tags such as Placemark, SimpleField, SimpleData and ExtendedData etc. It contains whole information in tag. But when you need to see the geometry you may require Shapefile. This conversion can be done using Ogr2ogr utility from GDAL (Geospatial Data Abstraction Library) and other GIS software such as QGIS, ArcGIS etc.
Convert kml to shp – Look Details For KML (Keyhole Markup Language) structure with Line feature-
In the above given example, attribute fields are given with their data type. In style tag geometry style shown with color. Extended Data encloses attribute field name with values. In the last coordinates are given for particular line string. In similar way other lines, point and polygon are given in KML.
Here -f defines the output file format and ‘ESRI shapefile’ is driver available.
PHP code for converting KML to SHP shapefile-
If you want the conversion using programing or don’t want to use terminal then this can also be done using PHP. You can create a function that defined this command as string and can give this string in shell_exec() method to execute. Shell_exec() actually execute the command and returns output as string.
public function KML_to_shp($KMLfilepath,$output){
$query="ogr2ogr -f 'ESRI Shapefile' $output.gml $KMLfilepath";
shell_exec($query);
}
Generated output in QGIS software-
KML to SHP Shapefile – Convert
Change Coordinate System of shapefile generated from kml-
Changing coordinate system of output file can be done with this same ogr2ogr utility. It has various option for SRS (Spatial reference system), given below
Shapefile shp can be converted in pgsql file using shp2pgsql command line tool. Sometimes you have a shapefile and want to upload the same in postgresql database, you can directly use shp2pgsql command and upload shapefile to postgis. While there might be possibilites that you would not be having access to your production server to install shp2pgsql command line tool, so you can convert shapefile into a sql file and then upload the same to Database. Lets check how to convert shp to sql file.
For executing this command you need to have shp2pgsql utility in your system. You can check the presence of utility by typing shp2pgsql in terminal. If this utility is present then you will see the following result.
Convert- Shapefile Shp to SQL postgersql file
Shp2pgsql has some option, some for them are used here. Option -I creates a spatial index on the geocolumn. Option -s specifies the SRS (Spatial Reference system) in EPSG (European Petroleum Survey Group) number.
After executing this command, you can run the sql file in postgres to insert data in table.
Code – Convert- Shapefile Shp to SQL postgersql filE
If you know to read binary files by knowing its format, you can easily read and convert shapefile to sql, as shapefile has an open standard file format. For instance, you can look over tutorial I had created in how to read shapefile bounding box using c++ or reading shapefile header.
In codeigniter framework of php, we can use shell_exec() by providing command as input. In command we need to export PGPASSWORD, where password is supplied.
While writing command in PHP, we need to take SRS (Spatial Reference system) of shape file, input shapefile and output file name from the user. The passwrThen query is written in string format and supplied to shell_exec() method. This method returns output as string and generates file in folder.
PGPASSWORD behaves the same as the password connection parameter. Use of this environment variable is not recommended for security reasons, as some operating systems allow non-root users to see process environment variables via ps; instead consider using the ~/.pgpass file. For more detail you can visit https://www.postgresql.org/docs/9.1/static/libpq-envars.html link.
public function shptosql($shpfilepath,$output){
$srs=4326;
$query=”export PGPASSWORD=’download1′; shp2pgsql -I -s $srs $shpfilepath $output > $output.sql”;
shell_exec($query);
}
You can check for SQL file in the same folder where shapefile is kept. The generated result will look like-
Convert- Shapefile Shp to SQL postgersql file
Change coordinate system – shp to sql
While converting shapefile into sql, you can not change the coordinate system. But you can execute this process in two steps as-
Hope you enjoyed the conversion and executed it successfully. Let us know you face any difficulty during execution of this tutorial via commenting in provided box.
Many people uses MapServer as their Server, so they might need to store shape file as MIF (Map Info File) file on server. The OGR Simple Features Library allows MapServer users to display several types of vector data files in their native formats. For example, MapInfo Mid/Mif and TAB data can be seen on MapServer when using OGR support with it. So lets see how to convert Shapefile shp to mif or map info file.
Lets look what is MIF ( MapInfo Interchange Format) Before converting shp to Mif
MIF (Map Info File) File format used by MapInfo mapping and geographic analysis software. This stores a map visualization in a format that can be recognized by third party applications. Also used as an exchange format between GIS applications. This sometimes accompanied by a .MID (MapInfo data) file that contains additional spatial data. MID files are GIS data files created by MapInfo, a spatial data analysis and visualization software, saves spatial data for a corresponding .MIF (MapInfo Interchange Format) file. Also used for storing larger data sets not expressed in the MIF file. What is Shapefile – collection of geometry with other supported files as shx, dbf, prj ect.
MIF file show some general property when open with QGIS software, as like :
i.) Storage type of this layer
–> MapInfo File
ii.) Description of this provider
–> OGR data provider (compiled against GDAL/OGR library version 2.2.2, running against GDAL/OGR library version 2.2.2)
iii.) Source for this layer
–> /var/www/html/PHP_pgrouting/public/shpfolder222/newwhello.mif
iv.) Geometry type of the features in this layer
–> Line
v.) The number of features in this layer
–> 19148
vi.) Capabilities of this layer
–> Fast Access to Features at ID, Presimplify Geometries, Presimplify Geometries with Validity Check
vii.) In layer spatial reference system units
–> xMin,yMin 68.4982,7.92528 : xMax,yMax 97.3348,35.5013
viii.) Layer Spatial Reference System
–> +proj=longlat +datum=WGS84 +no_defs
Convert Shapefile SHP TO MIF format using ogr2ogr utility-
ogr2ogr supports some file format MIF is one of them. You can write a simple command to convert your shapefile. Before this you must check for ogr2ogr utility. That can be done by typing ogr2pgr in your terminal.
Convert- Shapefile Shp to MIF – Map Info File
If this utitlity is not available, you should run the given commands-
You must have shp along with .shx and .dbf file for proper conversion.
If you only have shp file you will got an error something like.
Convert- Shapefile Shp to MIF – Map Info File
And if you don’t have .dbf file, then you following error will appear
Code to Convert Shp to MIF
If you are aware of reading binary file by knowing the file format, you can easily read and parse shapefile and convert the same to any other format. You can check out one such tutorial which I had created to read header of shapefile using c++ or bounding box of shapefile using c++.
This same work can be done in PHP using shelll_exec() method, which execute the command and gives output as string. The following function describes the $query variable, which takes command as string and given to shell_exec(0 method.
public function shptomif($shpfilepath,$output) {
$query=”ogr2ogr -f ‘MapInfo file’ $output.mif $shpfilepath.shp”;
shell_exec($query);
}
Output of mif file from shp file-
The Output will contain .mif and .mid files. You can open MIF file in QGIS software.
If you are using Windows operating software than you can open .mif (Map Info File) with microsoft word. The following result will appear
Version 300
Charset “Neutral”
Delimiter “,”
CoordSys Earth Projection 1, 104
Columns 7
MED_DESCRI Char(254)
RTT_DESCRI Char(254)
F_CODE_DES Char(10)
ISO Char(7)
ISOCOUNTRY Char(54)
Length_km Decimal(11,2)
Latitude Decimal(11,2)
Data line(…..)
Change Coordinate System of MIF from shp format
Converting shapefile into MapInfo File with desired coordinate system can be done by using ogr2ogr utility. It has some options related to SRS (Spatial reference system), given below-
