Category: GIS

GIS Geographic Information System is a system intends to capture, Store, manage, manipulate, analyze the data. GIS system integrate data and convert it into maps. And as we know visuals are more powerful than words so it makes our understanding of data fast.

What is GIS ?

GIS is a tool to acquire geographic data and produce Geographic information. And generally those information are stored in tabular form. GIS can be defined as a “computer information system that can input, store, manipulate, analyze, and display geographically referenced (spatial) data to support decision making processes”.

Simply GIS visualize your data as a map. And these visualization makes the study interesting with interactive maps. It saves the time and make the system decisiveness that is main requirement.

Check Interview questions on GIS

Nowadays GIS used in every field such as-

Google Maps – Master Navigation – Find Distance and Travel Time

Google Maps stands out of all its competitors , it has made a very big difference in the individual’s lives, they have made a ease of travelling for the people who travels long distances and to the new places frequently. As we know Google has made many changes in its maps. Google has made so many amendments in the Google Maps on a very frequent basis, such that people can use it with lots of ease and comfort.

Google Maps New feature – Master Navigation

Adding to it Google maps has also introduced the Master Navigation feature for Google Maps users. This feature will help you to get the distance and time it will take to reach a place, considering real time traffic and predict the time. Now here the exciting thing about this feature of the Google maps is that it will show the distance according to the route you take and the transit as well!! So,the twist is that it will show the time it will take to reach you there by a car, if you are not feeling like driving a car and want to go for a bike ride you can do that too as google maps will show you the time it will take you to reach there, and if you are a health conscious and prefer to not pollute the environment with the toxic fuels Google maps will help you with this too; yes you read it right that Google Maps will show you the distance, different routes and the time you have to spare to reach that particular place also.

It is not limited to the Phone application only, you can use “master navigation” feature of the Google Maps on desktop or web also. You can also look over 35+ cool features of Google Map.

Master navigation – working procedure

Let’s check how Master Navigation works.

For using this feature you need to have either Google Maps application if you want to use it in your phone or you can use it on web.

Tap the action overflow button. You will find it in the bottom right corner in the phone application, and if you are using it on web then you will find it in the top left corner near the search bar.
Once you tap on that button it will ask you to add your current location and the destination.

Now, you are done with filling up the locations it will give you information about the time and distance for different transits.

when you are travelling via car :

2. when biking mode is on :

3. when willing to walk :

4. If you want to travel by bus :

Moreover, you can also define your route and can ask Google Maps to avoid highways, ferries and tolls to save a few bucks. A detailed article to avoid highways and tolls can be checked here.

This is all about the new feature of Google Maps Master Navigation. Do let us know your experience of using this feature of google maps by commenting below in the comment box.

Use Google Map Voice Navigation option – New Feature

Google maps are the best navigation tool available across globe till date. People use it for many purposes like navigation, for knowing traffic situations, locations, to find nearby place, upcoming events and what not? Have you ever thought of how to use Google map while your hands are busy controlling steering wheel? Obviously you will not be able to operate Google map while driving. That is the reason behind they introduced Google Map voice option for Navigation.

Google Map Voice Navigation – Make your voice count

Through voice option you can command any place to Google and it will show it to you and will navigate you to that location. This way it becomes very convenient to use Google map even when you are busy driving the car.

Check out the following instruction to use your voice for navigation:-

Open your Google map application in your phone.
Above you will see the search bar.
On the right corner of search bar you will see a microphone icon.
Tap that icon and give the voice command to Google.
Google map will respond according to the command given by you.

You can give Google commands like ‘where do I turn next?’, ‘where is the next Gas station?’ and so on. You can mute or unmute the voice guidance given by Google Maps.

You can even ask for different routes, or toggle traffic by voice. Check Google Map different tips and tricks.

This feature of Google maps is a very important one. How do you get help with this option of Google maps navigation, do mention below in the comment box.

Google Map Wifi Only Feature – Helping Limit Data Usage

Google Map has changed a lot over a period of time,since the day Google has introduced its map and till the date it has been a very reliable map tool. One can excess map on desktop and on phone as well we have an application for Google maps, that we can download from play store or app store. Google map provides us with so many functions like navigation, finding or searching nearby locations, our history location is also been showed by Google maps. So moving on Google maps also take care of your pocket as well; that means it has introduced an option to control your data usage with Google Map Wifi Only Feature.

So you need to have go Google maps application in your android phone to enjoy this feature.

Once you enable this feature, you will be able to access maps and navigation in your downloaded area or whenever you are connected to WIFI.

Google Map Wifi Only Feature – Reduced Internet pack consumption

So you must be curious to know how to save your data on maps and navigation!

We will show you the way to do it, let’s check the following:-

Tap the hamburger or menu icon at the top left corner of your mobile app.

Scroll down to select settings.

Once you open the settings you will find the WIFI only option in Google Map application.

Google Maps Wifi Only Feature - Helping Limit Data Usage — Google Maps Wifi Only Feature – Helping Limit Data Usage

Right beside the’ WIFI only ‘ option is a toggle switch given

Tap the toggle switch to enable the ‘WIFI only’ option.

So, this is how Google lets you save your data in your Google Map Application and save you from burning a hole in your pocket, and parallel to it Google maps also allows you to use your maps and navigations in your downloaded area. Know the list of Google Map features.

Note: I don’t find WiFi only feature available in iOS app, but can be found in Android Google Map application. If you find this feature in iOS app too, do let us know by commenting below, we will recheck and update the article.

So how much Google map helped you with this do let us know in the comment box provided below.

Leaflet js – Getting Started – create Map Application

Leaflet is small Javascript BSD Open Source license Map library, which helps in creating interactive map applications. Leaflet js Javascript library provides pre defined functions and variables which can be reused to add map layer, base map, points, line and polygon, where you can easily zoom in and zoom out. Also with the help of library you will be able to catch the events and define a function on it, for example, You can fetch all attributes or detailed information on a click over a polygon features which will be displayed in a popup.

Leaflet js – Getting started Create Map application

With leaflet you can compute the features bounding box, create a layer group, remove or add as many marker or different layer as you want on a map. Adding vector layers, raster layers, adding wms or wfs layer (can be used to serve and render geoserver or map server layers), selecting and hovering over lat-long are some of the functionality which can be easily grabbed by leaflet js map library.

Leaflet map library can be used in different platform like web app, mobile app or can be used in creating desktop application.

Also this small Map library so called as leafletjs is one of the easy to use and well documented library which is widely used by many GIS developers all over the world. Upon leaflet many developers have created different plugins which adds on the functionality to create an interactive map. Most of the plugins are available for free and can be used or recoded and integrated in your application. I found and used many plugins when required to do my clients work, as it save lots of time to do the same piece of work.

Here is the Github link of Lealfet and leaflet docs link:

Lets get started with code section of Leaflet js library:

Firstly you need to setup a Local Server. You can easily install and find either wamp or xammp server or any http server. Once installed or setup, we will first create a project folder in root www or public directory. Thereafter we will get started by creating one html file which we will use to code in leaflet js map example.

Once the html file created, under the head section paste following css and js cdn link of leafletjs map library:

Or you can either save and link those files directly in your local server. Under the body section create a division element with “map” as id:

This division will render and display the map with the help of leaflet library. Lets initialize the map by adding a tile base map layer or either openstreetmap or mapbox or any other map provider tiles.

var newMap = L.map(‘map’).setView([38.9188702,-77.0708398], 13); //initiating the view providing the latitude and longitude with zoom layer as 13.

L.tileLayer(‘http://{s}.tile.osm.org/{z}/{x}/{y}.png’, { attribution: ‘© <a href=”http://osm.org/copyright”>OpenStreetMap</a> contributors’ }).addTo(newMap);

Above code will render openstreetmap tile layer. Proper attributes to the contributors can be easily added, which will be displayed at the bottom right corner of map screen in a descent way.

Finally we can add a marker and bind a click event, which will open up a popup with the message:

//binding popup event with leaflet marker and map L.marker([38.9188702,-77.0708398]).addTo(newMap) .bindPopup(“<b>Click cross button to dismiss!</b><br />I am a popup.”).openPopup();

Now we are all done with setup. Lets see how the leaflet getting started simple map example look like:


<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<title>Getting Started - Leaflet js Map interactive library</title>
<meta charset="utf-8" />
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
<link rel="stylesheet" href="https://unpkg.com/leaflet@1.0.3/dist/leaflet.css" />
<script src="https://unpkg.com/leaflet@1.0.3/dist/leaflet.js"></script>
</head>
<body>
<div id="map" style="width: 1000px; height: 600px;"></div>
<script>
var newMap = L.map('map').setView([38.9188702,-77.0708398], 13);

L.tileLayer('http://{s}.tile.osm.org/{z}/{x}/{y}.png', {
attribution: '&copy; <a href=”http://osm.org/copyright”>OpenStreetMap</a> contributors'
}).addTo(newMap);

// ******* OR YOU CAN USE BELOW CODE TO ADD MAPBOX TILE LAYER WITH LEAFLETJS ******
// L.tileLayer('https://api.tiles.mapbox.com/v4/{id}/{z}/{x}/{y}.png?access_token=<YOUR_API_TOKEN>', {
// maxZoom: 18,
// attribution: 'Map data &copy; <a href="http://openstreetmap.org">OpenStreetMap</a> contributors, ' +
// '<a href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/2.0/">CC-BY-SA</a>, ' +
// 'Imagery © <a href="http://mapbox.com">Mapbox</a>',
// id: 'mapbox.streets'
// }).addTo(newMap);

//binding popup event with leaflet marker and map
L.marker([38.9188702,-77.0708398]).addTo(newMap)
.bindPopup("<b>Click cross button to dismiss!</b><br />I am a popup.").openPopup();
</script>
</body>
</html>

Above leaflet code will provide a output in browser as provided below:

Output - Leaflet js - Getting Started to create Map Application — Output – Leaflet js – Getting Started to create Map Application

Geojson or topojson are two of the most common files which can be easily added as vector layer map with the help of leaflet. Interactive Choropleth map is the best example which you can imagine to create in few hours or minutes of code with this library map.

Next you can check for loading GeoJSON file on Map with Leaflet Library.

In simple words you can take leaflet js as a library which will helps you to display and render your vector or raster layer data over browser or client side with some events handling over it. Unlike Google map library it does not provide geocoding or direction api or a basemap layer, but if you have geographical data or GIS data set, then with the help of provided data, your algorithm and leaflet library you can create and display the map as you want.

I hope this tutorial of getting started with leaflet would helped you to kick start with leaflet js library. Do subscribe to our blog, to get all latest updates, tutorials and news of map and GIS. Your comments are welcome either as question, comment or suggestion.

Know live Congestion or future traffic on Google map : Desktop and Mobile

Know live traffic or predicted traffic on Google map. Are you planning for a road trip to either attend an important meeting, or to visit somewhere in a limited time. Don’t get afraid of reaching late at destination due to unusual traffic, as Google Map comes with its supreme feature of knowing live traffic condition at real time as well as predict the future traffic accordingly. Currently Google Map gives real time traffic condition and prediction for over 50 countries. Knowing traffic of a location without visiting the same physically at any time, isn’t it an amazing technology. Lets see an introduction of how Google Map provides live traffic and how one can use traffic feature of Google map on Desktop or laptop and also on Devices.

Introduction : How Google detect traffic condition

Lets have a quick introduction paragraph to know how traffic is detected by Google. Earlier, Google provided traffic data based on running algorithm on historical data, which doesn’t comes out to be so accurate. After that Google uses third party data and tools and now with the help of Crowd-sourcing, Google made a very fine judgment of traffic.

Yes, Google gather live data from the crowd. All those people who are currently using Google Map or using Android device with Location tracking or GPS enable, are eventually providing anonymous data to Google with speed and location information. This makes Google to track live data, process the data with algorithm to determine congestion considering all important factors and limitations and ultimately used to render the traffic layer on Google Map for free to all users.

Mostly Google covers highways and arterials roads to predict the traffic, when data is available. This data is stored on Google database servers. Ultimately Google apply mining process on this data and run prediction algorithm to provide “Typical Traffic” or “Future Traffic” behavior.

Google Map Traffic Color Shows speed of traffic on road:

Speed of traffic is shown in four different color i.e

Green: Means no traffic.
Yellow: Means there is some traffic, while it is tolerable and you could drive easily.
Orange: Means there’s a medium amount of traffic and you may be delayed with this.
Dark Red: A heavy traffic, means there are traffic delays.

Two other colors indicates:

Blue: This line indicates your direction routes on Google Map.
Gray: Indicates there is no data.

Steps to know live traffic or real time traffic on Google map on Desktop:

1.) Open Google Map on browser.

2.) Now write “Traffic” on the search input box provided, and press enter or search button. This would take you to your current location with live traffic layer displayed.

You may write “Traffic near ‘place’” for example “traffic near Washington, DC, USA”. And press enter. This would display area of Washington DC with traffic layer on screen.

3.) Now you may see detailed view of traffic by zooming in or out.

Traffic incidents let several delays. Google Map also indicate incidents while viewing traffic. Here are the few of the symbols you may see:

Accidents
Construction
Road closures
Other incidents

Steps to See the future prediction of traffic on Google Map – Desktop :

This is typical traffic which Google provides as a feature on Map, where traffic for an area based on the day of week and time can be searched and predicted. Here is the way to do it:

Update: Following are the updated steps i have found to predict the future traffic, as there is some UI changes in new Google map.

1.) You can either write traffic on the search box or open up the navigation menu and click on traffic button to get the colourful map displayed which enables traffic condition. By default live traffic is displayed on Google map.

2.) Now in the bottom center of the map, you need to click on drop down to switch to typical traffic.

3.) Now select the day and time to get the future traffic map. As you will click on the map and change the date and time, google will load new layer on map without loading the map where the map displays the predicted traffic at your desired location.

Know live Congestion or future traffic on Google map : Desktop and Mobile

Old Steps:

1.) Write “traffic” or “traffic near ‘place’” on the input search box provided and click on search button or press enter.

2.) Beneath the search box, you would find the two radio button labelled with ‘live traffic’ and ‘typical traffic’. Activate “Typical traffic” radio button.

3.) Choose the day and time. This would refresh the new traffic map layer asynchronously, where you can see the predicted future traffic of particular day and time you selected of the location.

You may explore more Features of Google Map:

Know live Congestion or future traffic on Google map – Android or iOS device:

New version of Google map application for android or iOS device provides an easy way to know the current traffic condition of road.

1.) Open the Google Maps app in your android or iOS device.

2.) Touch the menu in the top left corner.

3.) Select Traffic button.

This would provide you a layer of traffic on Google Map.

Do remember Google do make sure to process and provide accurate traffic details, however there may be chances that due to some less data availability their may be inconsistency. Whats your experience while using Google Map Traffic feature? Do you get accurate data result? Do share us by commenting below. Also if you find any problem in implementing the above steps do comment below.

Google map new Keyboard Navigation Controls Shortcuts

Google Map is one of the most famous Map tool used for finding near by point of interest, distance, area, traffic, and many more. Google map sure to provide the best possible solution to user, and so they also enabled a feature to control Google map with Keyboard Navigation. And they keeps update their feature day by day like introducing new navigation in 2016. While their navigation features was already enabled previously. There are many keyboard shortcut key. Here are some list.

Google map new Keyboard Navigation Controls Shortcuts

Arrow keys i.e up, down, right and left: This will pan the map slightly north, south, east and west in Google map.

Home, End button, Page Up and Page Down button : This will pan wider as compare to arrow keys.

(+) Plus and (-) key : Zoom in and out the map respectively.

Double Right click : Zoom In the map.

Double Left click : Zoom out the Google map. (For mac users you need to double click with control button press i.e ctrl+)

Scroll wheel : Use mouse scroll to Zoom in and Zoom out in Google Map.

Google Map Street View Keyboard Shortcuts for control

Some keyboard shortcut of Google map which work while working on Google Street View mode.

Page Up key or ‘W’ button – move camera upwards i.e towards sky.

Page Down key or ‘S’ button – move camera downwards i.e towards ground.

Right arrow key or ‘D’ button – Rotate Right camera to 45 degrees.

Left arrow key or ‘A’ button – Rotate left camera to 45 degrees.

Note that Alphabets keys wont work while operating Google map on full screen mode.

Down arrow key – Move backwards along the direction of camera in Map

Up arrow key – Move Forward along the direction of camera in Google Map

Plus button or ‘+’ key – Camera view to zoom in one level

Minus button or ‘–’ key – Camera view to zoom out one level.

TAB key: If you press tab key, you will get all different controls of map for example you can see the rectangle on the map with some covered area, or you will get to the search box or to the right bottom control of the map.

Google map 2016 new Keyboard Navigation Controls Shortcuts

Along with this Shortcut which are very common, Google recently introduced in 2016 a new navigation Pan, zoom and find businesses on Google Maps without touching your mouse. You can also use your keyboard to find and learn more about specific places like neighborhood, transit stations and shops and restaurants.

Google documented how this works on Google+:

https://plus.google.com/u/0/+google/posts/MT9xy9ecFM5

On your keyboard, press Tab to focus the map. Here you will see the Square symbol on map with an area highlighted and listed in the pan with number list.

Now you can navigate with arrow keys and the shift key hold along with the rectangle highlighted. To learn more about a place, press the number associated with the place.

Do you know any other keyboard shortcut for google map which is not listed here? Do comment below if you know any.

ISODISTANCE and ISOCHRONE Map API – Find Realistic travel Distance

If we want to find out nearby hotels, coffee shop etc on google maps we can find it easily by just right clicking on the selected location and go for search nearby option. The map will show all the nearby selected hotels, coffee shop etc. I wonder how can I do this on a leaflet map with myself. In quest of this question I found Isodistance and Isochrone map APIs.

What are Isodistance and Isochrone maps?

Isodistance maps:

An isodistance map is a map showing equal distance polygons from a point of interest considering every possible route. For example you decide to go for a morning walk daily for about 1 mile and you want to find out all the possible routes from your house on which you can walk ½ mile and then come back ½ mile, isodistance map is your solution.

As stated in Mapbox – “Isodistances offer realistic travel distances by considering roads and sidewalks, which can be the difference between a day at the beach and waiting for a tow truck.”

ISODISTANCE and ISOCHRONE Map API — isodistance-mapbox

Isochrone maps:

Isochrone maps are similar to isodistance map but here we consider time. An isochrone map is map which shows lines of equal travel time across a geographic area. As in the below snapshot example if you decide to walk 8 mins daily then you can find how much distance you might cover from your house in 8 mins.

APIs for Isodistance and Isochrone maps:

There are two APIs available for creating Isodistance maps. One is MapBox Directions API and another is ISO4APP API. This two APIs can be used with leaflet or google map. For Isochrone maps there is one API available that is ISO4APP API.

What you think about isodistance and isochrone maps? In which situtation are you using this algorithm? Do you know any other api which i have not listed? Do share your answer by commenting below in the area provided.

FLIGHT ROUTES NETWORK ANALYSIS

Flight Routes Network Analysis. When we think of Network analysis in GIS we think of roads, rivers, water lines etc. In GIS two types of network are modeled. i.e:

1.) Transportation Network for example road networks and

2.) Utility Network for example gas pipeline network.

In transportation network model analysing air transportation network is a fascinating network visualisation exercise.

FLIGHT ROUTES NETWORK ANALYSIS

Force-directed graph drawing algorithms are a class of algorithms for drawing graphs in an aesthetically pleasing way. This algorithm used by Martin Grandjean a researcher from The University of Lausanne, Switzerland to analyze the air transportation network created by 100,000 airline flights that take place around the world. Data for this analysis of the 3,275 airports across the globe was taken from openFlights.org.

A map showing flight routes between these airports is a network graph. Martin Grandjean attempts to make explicit the network behind air transport. The structure of the relationships has an impact on the spatial distribution of nodes in a graph. Let’s see how this landscape is reorganized without geographical constraints.

Explanation of the above image: “Naturally, network geography is not completely disrupted: the continents are mostly visible and regions are generally in their original position (with the exception of the Pacific islands that connect Asia and America – imagine this graph in three dimensions, with the Pacific Ocean behind). Major observations: India is more connected to the Middle East than to South and East Asia. The Russian cluster is very visible, connecting airports in Russia but also in many former Soviet republics. Latin america is clearly divided between a South cluster and a Central American cluster very connected with the U.S.”

I found this information very fascinating, to know the way for Flight Routes Network Analysis.

Source: Connected World: Untangling the Air Traffic Network

Google Map advertisement as purple pin and logos

Google Map a giant, smooth and one of the fastest map is touching every part of your life by helping you find any location by just clicking on single search button. And now Google Map is looking to redesign its mobile experience of google Map by showing some relevant ads tagged as Google Map advertisement.

What are the Expected Type of Google Map advertisement:

So what kind of ads would be shown on Google Map? Either as a purple pin on the map or as a logo would appear at its exact physical location on digital map, within the visible map area or near by you location. You can see an examples purple pin ad of ‘Walgreens’ as shown in the image provided below.

Along with pin ads Google map will also feature in-store promotions i.e when you expand a business page. Where you can see also see deals and coupon for sale items along with store hours and address. A small purple box with the word ‘Ad’ will highlight ad placements.

Google Map advertisement would appear in a subtle manner:

When will the ads will be shown? While the relevancy of ads would be better applied when you are using the app and searching for some kind of location. For example if you search for a nearby hotels, Google Map can show a purple promoted pin or its company logo which will be more attractive than any other.

Also while you are driving and using google Navigation function, a purple pin may appear sometimes, which locates nearby restaurant or gas station. This ads may be definitely be useful sometimes as people or driver would get aware of the location of some place of a route. As Google takes care of user experience so you don’t need to worry if ads might distract the drivers attention from the navigation route shown.

Final words

Obviously Google this effort is to make more money, i.e as ads will be shown to users where they receive more than a billion visit on a Google Map.

Although according to Google their first priority is to make sure the advertisement should be useful to users. Also for now, voice direction won’t have any audio advertisement, so that’s a good news while the bad part is that user would not be able to turn off the promoted pins.

Have you seen any Google Map ads till now? If so, please share your experience by commenting here below.

Merge two or more polygons, points or polyline of Shapefile

Merge two or more polygons, points or polyline of Shapefile in QGIS. Do you want to merge features of to combine them into one feature and to maintain its database dbf values along with it. QGIS – Quantum Geographic information system is of the most important for geographers and with the help of this tool I would demonstrate you to merge features within same layer. You can also have a look on how to merge more than two shapefiles.

If you haven’t installed QGIS, lets install Latest Quantum GIS first and open it up. Here are the steps to merge features of shapefile in QGIS.

Merge two or more polygons, points or polyline of Shapefile in QGIS:

We can merge two features in Shapefile in QGIS easily. Let’s say I have a Shapefile states.shp and I want to merge two states. Open up your QGIS tool.

1.) Select the layer and click the toggle edit button from the toolbar.

2.) Click on select tool from toolbar as indicated in the image.

Merge two or more polygons, points or polyline of Shapefile

3.) Press control (ctrl) key and click on the features you want to merge to select them.

4.) Click on the Edit option where you can find find merge selected features.

5.) You will see this window after selecting merge selected button.

6.) In the above dialogue box you can see there are three columns and four rows. In the first row you can select options for the fields so that what value you want to assign for the merged feature. Go ahead and try the given options.

7.) In the last row you can see the option you selected or you can delete that value by simply double clicking on the field and press delete from keyboard. After you are done you can click ok.

8.) You can see the features are merged. you can also check attribute table.

9.) click on save layer edits buttons and then click on toggle editing button if you are done.

That is all about merging two features of shapefile whether it is polygon, polyline or point features. If you are getting any problem in performing the above steps, do comment below, we would try to solve the problem by discussing over here.

Google Maps New feature – Master Navigation

Master navigation – working procedure

when you are travelling via car :

2. when biking mode is on :

3. when willing to walk :

4. If you want to travel by bus :

Google Map Voice Navigation – Make your voice count

Google Map Wifi Only Feature – Reduced Internet pack consumption

Leaflet js – Getting started Create Map application

Here is the Github link of Lealfet and leaflet docs link:

Lets get started with code section of Leaflet js library:

Introduction : How Google detect traffic condition

Google Map Traffic Color Shows speed of traffic on road:

Steps to know live traffic or real time traffic on Google map on Desktop:

Steps to See the future prediction of traffic on Google Map – Desktop :

Know live Congestion or future traffic on Google map – Android or iOS device:

Google map new Keyboard Navigation Controls Shortcuts

Google Map Street View Keyboard Shortcuts for control

Google map 2016 new Keyboard Navigation Controls Shortcuts

What are Isodistance and Isochrone maps?

Isodistance maps:

Isochrone maps:

FLIGHT ROUTES NETWORK ANALYSIS

What are the Expected Type of Google Map advertisement:

Google Map advertisement would appear in a subtle manner:

Final words

Merge two or more polygons, points or polyline of Shapefile in QGIS: