Category: GIS

Geographic Information System is a system intends to capture, Store, manage, manipulate, analyze the data. GIS system integrate data and convert it into maps. And as we know visuals are more powerful than words so it makes our understanding of data fast.

What is GIS ?

GIS is a tool to acquire geographic data and produce Geographic information. And generally those information are stored in tabular form. GIS can be defined as a “computer information system that can input, store, manipulate, analyze, and display geographically referenced (spatial) data to support decision making processes”.

Simply GIS visualize your data as a map. And these visualization makes the study interesting with interactive maps. It saves the time and make the system decisiveness that is main requirement.

Check Interview questions on GIS

Nowadays GIS used in every field such as-

Download United Kingdom Administrative Boundary Shapefiles – Countries, Regions, Counties, Unitary Authorities, Wards and more

Hello GIS enthusiasts, IGISMAP has now published the latest GIS vector data of United Kingdom administrative levels. Links for downloading the shapefiles of the important administrative divisions of United Kingdom are provided in the following. You can also download these data in KML, GeoJSON or CSV formats.

Note:

All data available are in GCS datum EPSG:4326 WGS84 CRS (Coordinate Reference System).
You need to login for downloading the shapefile.

Download Free Shapefile Data of United Kingdom

The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, commonly known as the United Kingdom (UK) or Britain is a sovereign state to the northwest of continental Europe, consists of:

England
Scotland
Wales
Northern Ireland

The United Kingdom includes the island of Great Britain, the north-eastern part of the island of Ireland, and many smaller islands within the British Isles. Northern Ireland shares a land border with the Republic of Ireland. Otherwise, the United Kingdom is surrounded by the Atlantic Ocean, with the North Sea to the east, the English Channel to the south and the Celtic Sea to the south-west, giving it the 12th-longest coastline in the world. The Irish Sea separates Great Britain and Ireland. The total area of the United Kingdom is 93,628 square miles (242,500 km2), with an estimated population in 2020 of 68 million.

Download United Kingdom Country Boundaries Shapefile

Download National Outline Boundary of Each Countries:

Download United Kingdom Regions And Counties Shapefile Data

The regions, formerly known as the government office regions, are the highest tier of sub-national division in England, established in 1994 which is divided into 9 regions.

Download United Kingdom Region Boundaries Shapefile

County level division of pan UK includes Metropolitan counties, Non metropolitan counties, Unitary authorities and London Boroughs. Following data available in IGISMAP consist of 202 polygon features of county level boundaries.

Download United Kingdom County Boundaries Shapefile

Download United Kingdom Unitary Authorities Shapefile Data

Unitary Authority divisions are associated with England, thus commonly known as Unitary authorities of England. The unitary authorities of England are those local authorities which are responsible for the provision of all local government services within a district. Following data of Unitary Authority boundaries is a combined data of Local Authority District polygons of Scotland, Wales and Northern Ireland with the Unitary Authority polygons which is a sum of 138 polygon features.

Download United Kingdom Unitary Authority Boundaries Shapefile

Download United Kingdom Wards Shapefile Data

The wards and electoral divisions in the United Kingdom are electoral districts at sub-national level represented by one or more councillors. The ward is the primary unit of English electoral geography for civil parishes and borough and district councils, electoral ward is the unit used by Welsh principal councils, while the electoral division is the unit used by English county councils and some unitary authorities. Each ward/division has an average electorate of about 5,500 people, but ward-population counts can vary substantially. As at the end of 2014 there were 9,456 electoral wards/divisions in the UK.

Download United Kingdom Ward Boundaries Shapefile

Other Administrative Boundary Data:

Download Shapefile for following countries

Disclaimer : If you find any shapefile data of country provided is in correct do contact us or comment below, so that we will correct the same in our system as well we will try to correct the same in OSM.

Telecom GIS System

The use of Telecommunication is a necessity for everyone these days. As a result telecommunication has so much to do with different sectors of technologies. One of those technologies is GIS, GIS plays a major role for telecom industry. Telecom GIS System is an initiative by IGIS Map to provide help for research and analytics of existing socio-economic factors, business processes and operational complexities in Telecommunication industry. It is created to solve the vast area of issues related to GIS for Telecommunication industry.

Check – Locate Junctions, Map available ports in Telecom

Telecom GIS System

It is powerful tool to create maps, integrate information, visualize scenarios, solve complicated problems, present powerful ideas & develop effective solutions. It helps telecom industry personnel recognizes the opportunities, market trends, threats and patterns.

Visualize with Us – Users can locate areas of market trends and growth as they appear. Which can help them in providing time to respond to the situations.
Analyze with Us – Users can analyze the test scenarios with GIS tool. They can select and analyze the network performance and fix the issues before they affect services.

Telecom GIS System is offering these 3 modules in its package for the Telecom industry’s benefit.

- Server based Web GIS Application
- Standalone Desktop Application
- Mobile Application (For Field Data collection Updating and Maintenance)

The Telecom GIS system have the feature to attach documents, spreadsheets, or images to provide users with additional information or required documentation with these modules. The GIS system uses the information technology and GIS for software and data so that it can provide these excellent services to the industry professionals which otherwise may not be possible with tabular format data.

Telecom GIS System – Issues

Telecommunication industries are striving to add innovations to various aspects such as Plan, Build and Operate because of the growth prospects of the industry. Here are some major problems faced by Telecommunication sector:

Capacity Planning
Demand Forecasting
Personnel Management
Market Segmentation
Real-time Knowledge Of Network Structure

As we have already discussed these issues in our previous blog, here is the link for more details on Problems Faced by Telecom Industry and the ways in which GIS helps in solving these problems.

Telecom GIS System – Features

This GIS system can help telecommunication industries in various ways. It will enhance the ability of stakeholders to build resilient infrastructure, facilities, distribution, quality of services, security and innovation in business. Its features helps stakeholders to understand the network structure on a near real-time basis, for better capacity planning.

Some of the features of Telecom GIS System are as follows:

Location-Based Information

Location is fundamental to all telecommunications services—cable, wireless, and wire-line. Now with Telecom GIS system, quickly discover and access location information from an application on any device, anywhere, anytime. Most noteworthy the stakeholders can also enable sales and marketing departments to more effectively target their customers or transfer location information to the field technician to resolve problems and issues. The stakeholders can also evaluate the most cost-effective areas and routes for deploying new networks with the location-based information.

Field Data Collection

The Field data collection will be made available to all stakeholders through web interface and a mobile application. GIS system provides provides the selective mode of data collection by walk or vehicle mode. The field data collection enhances efficiency of network monitoring activities as this provides the real-time field data information. Field Data collection also helps in decreasing the response time for network recovery on the field. Geographic based work order management.

Map Creation and Updation

Map creation of networks was a lot troubled work previously, it used to take more time and man power to create a map of land survey data and lots of drawing skills to map them. Maps are created easily with the help of GIS technology now-a-days. Hence GIS system provides tool to create map in just a minute and can be updated after getting published. No drawing skills is required for creating the map of networks for telecom industry.

The integrated maps and information can help stakeholders make the better decisions about maintaining and planning the network infrastructure.

Query Management and Analysis

Telecom GIS system helps in optimize strategic planning for network expansion, Optimized network routing, cost estimating and jurisdiction with Query management and analysis of the network area. It provides the query and analysis tools to determine optimal network routing between sites to determine optional paths for cable networks applying user defined criteria (i.e. minimum distance, minimum items required). The system also provides web interface with functionality like services, physical and logical tracing. The system can also be able to do analysis of the number of customers affected due to the fault in a network.

Conversion of CAD/GIS data sets

This system supports almost every CAD and GIS data. So if the stakeholder wants to convert the CAD/GIS data files into other formats they are free to do so. Conversion of data sets can help users to get the required format of data as output they need.

Report generation and designing tools

Report generation is one of the most important feature in the Telecom GIS system. In this system stakeholders can get both the administrative report and the work order report. The user can generate own reports and download the network data. Report generation could help in Outside or inside plant management, query management or the bill of material generation.

Telecom GIS System also offers the designing tool’s functionalities like pan, zoom, identifying features on a map, measure distance, interactive north arrow, magnification window, overview window, find place, query attribute, search attribute, editing, geo-processing tasks, adding base maps etc.

Share and Collaborate

Telecom GIS system allow the stakeholders to collaborate by sharing maps and dashboards that illustrate performance and statuses to support decision-making. It allows the field operations to collect data and communicate with the main officers and similarly enables sales staff to share market forecast maps with network planners. Sharing network data can be very helpful for collaborating in telecom industry.

Check out video – how to use IGIS Map Tool in Telecom

Telecom GIS System – Uses

- Identify New Business Opportunities

Telecom Marketing experts can identify the specific areas with the high growth potential businesses by visualization of map. They can determine the areas for the network investment for new businesses with high profit.

- Mapping potential customers

Telecom industries personnel can visualize the potential customer base by analyzing the best location for network investments. And route for determining the nearing and exceeding capacity networks for opportunities to reach new customers.

- Effective Functioning

Real-time data information via maps helps telecom industries analyze real-time progress when establishing new network infrastructure. From this information they can understand manage the progress quickly and efficiently to reduce the time to market.

Telecom GIS System helps identify relations between potential customer’s location and the organization’s marketing region. Telecom sector can use this GIS system for getting information details similar to customer’s demography, location, lifestyle, business behavior and managing organization’s marketing strategy, promotional events or Maximizing the effectiveness of strategic investments.

Basically, GIS is widely used in making effective decisions using the existing network structure and network performance status in Telecom sector. Telecom GIS system is an effective and efficient software to use for the telecom industries. For furthermore queries drop you comments below. Any suggestions are welcome.

Want a Telecom GIS System hire us or ask for Quotation. Drop mail at akshay@engineerphilosophy.com for queries.

Download United States of America Administrative Boundary Shapefiles – States, Counties, Reservation Lands and more

Hello GIS enthusiasts, IGISMAP has now published the latest GIS vector data of USA administrative levels. Links for downloading the shapefiles of the important administrative divisions of USA are provided in the following. You can also download these data in KML, GeoJSON or CSV formats.

Note:

All data available are in GCS datum EPSG:4326 WGS84 CRS (Coordinate Reference System).
You need to login for downloading the shapefile.

Download Shapefile Data of USA

The United States of America (U.S.A. or USA), commonly known as the United States (U.S. or US) or America, is a country primarily located in North America. It consists of 50 states, a federal district, five major unincorporated territories, 326 Indian reservations, and some minor possessions. At 3.8 million square miles (9.8 million square kilometers), it is the world’s third- or fourth-largest country by total area. The United States shares significant land borders with Canada to the north and Mexico to the south as well as limited maritime borders with the Bahamas, Cuba, and Russia. With a population of more than 331 million people, it is the third most populous country in the world. The national capital is Washington, D.C., and the most populous city is New York City.

Download USA National Outline Boundary Shapefile

Download USA States Shapefile Data

The United States of America is a federal republic consisting of 50 states, a federal district (Washington, D.C., the capital city of the United States), five major territories, and various minor islands. The 48 contiguous states and Washington, D.C., are in North America between Canada and Mexico. Alaska is an exclave in the far northwestern part of North America, connected only to Canada, and Hawaii is an archipelago in the mid-Pacific. Territories of the United States are scattered throughout the Pacific Ocean and the Caribbean Sea.

According to the numerous decisions of the United States Supreme Court, the 50 individual states and the United States as a whole are each sovereign jurisdictions.[4] The states are not administrative divisions of the country; the Tenth Amendment to the United States Constitution allows states to exercise all powers of government not delegated to the federal government.

States:

Alabama
Alaska
Arizona
Arkansas
California
Colorado
Connecticut
Delaware
Florida
Georgia
Hawaii
Idaho
Illinois
Indiana
Iowa
Kansas
Kentucky
Louisiana
Maine
Maryland
Massachusetts
Michigan
Minnesota
Mississippi
Missouri
Montana
Nebraska
Nevada
New Hampshire
New Jersey
New Mexico
New York
North Carolina
North Dakota
Ohio
Oklahoma
Oregon
Pennsylvania
Rhode Island
South Carolina
South Dakota
Tennessee
Texas
Utah
Vermont
Virginia
Washington
West Virginia
Wisconsin
Wyoming

Territories and Islands

District of Columbia
Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands
Puerto Rico
United States Virgin Islands
American Samoa
Guam

Download USA State Boundaries Shapefile

Download USA Counties Shapefile Data

In the United States, a county is an administrative or political subdivision of a state that consists of a geographic region with specific boundaries and usually some level of governmental authority. Most counties have subdivisions which may include townships, municipalities and unincorporated areas. The number of counties per state ranges from the three counties of Delaware to the 254 counties of Texas. The following is a list of the 3,233 counties and county-equivalents in the 50 states and District of Columbia sorted by U.S. state, plus an additional 100 county-equivalents in the U.S. territories sorted by territory.

Download USA County Boundaries Shapefile

Download USA Native American Reservation Lands Shapefile Data

The Indian reservation system was created to keep Native Americans off of lands that European Americans wished to settle. The reservation system allowed indigenous people to govern themselves and to maintain some of their cultural and social traditions. The Dawes Act of 1887 destroyed the reservation system by subdividing tribal lands into individual plots.

Following classes of land reservation are established in USA

Indian Reservation Area
Alaska Native Village Statistical Areas
Hawaiian Home Lands
Oklahoma Tribal Statistical Areas
State Recognized Reservations
State Designated Tribal Statistical Areas
Tribal Designated Statistical Areas

There are 326 Indian Reservations in the United States.[1] Most of the tribal land base in the United States was set aside by the federal government as Native American Reservations. In California, about half of its reservations are called rancherías. In New Mexico, most reservations are called Pueblos. In some western states, notably Nevada, there are Native American areas called Indian colonies.

Alaska Natives previously had many small reserves scattered around Alaska; however, all but one (the Annette Island Reserve of Tsimshian) were repealed with the passage of the Alaska Native Claims Settlement Act in 1971.

There are Hawaiian home land, area held in trust for Native Hawaiians by the state of Hawaii under the Hawaiian Homes Commission Act of 1921.

Oklahoma Tribal Statistical Area is a statistical entity identified and delineated by federally recognized American Indian tribes in Oklahoma as part of the U.S. Census Bureau’s 2010 Census and ongoing American Community Survey.

A state designated American Indian reservation is the land area designated by a state for state-recognized American Indian tribes who lack federal recognition.

A tribal designated statistical area is a statistical entity identified and delineated for the Census Bureau by a federally recognized American Indian tribe that does not currently have a federally established Indian reservation.

Download USA Native American Reservation Land Boundaries Shapefile

Other Administrative Boundary Data:

USA Demographic Data:

Download Free Shapefile for the following:

Check the GIS Data collection for USA states:

Download free satellite image from sentinel – Remote Sensing

Need satellite images for research and study then you landed at right location. Today we learn how to download free satellite images from sentinel 1, 2 and sentinel 3 for QGIS. If you are new to QGIS 3.2.1 then check our previous article QGIS for beginner.

Download free satellite images from sentinel

Sentinel Satellite

Sentinel is developed under copernicus programme which is maintained and co-funded by European Union and ESA. (European Space Agency). Sentinel 1A was successfully launched 3rd april 2014. It will do Earth observation and keep the satellite data. Sentinel Hub is the cloud based open access GIS hub for management and analysis of satellite data. Lets start

Go to SCI Hub tap on open hub. Following screen will appear.

If you are new then sign up otherwise click on login
After login, Select the area whose satellite data you require. You can select by choosing box provided on the screen.

After selection go to search bar and tap for advanced search. Screen provided below.

Advance search box is given below. Change the sort by to sensing date. Give the date in the sensing period. And then choose the mission, click on search.

Following search result will appear.

Now the download the appropriate result. You can view the data by clicking on view the product.

You can view the images before downloading.Now you are ready to download image. It will be in jpeg format for qgis it would e suitable as Geotiff.This all about download free satellite image from sentinel. We try our best by pictorial representation. Hope it will work for you. Any suggestion or feedback are welcome.

Try your hands also on: what is GIS, Connection between PostGIS and QGIS,

Use Sentinel Hub in QGIS

How to do layer labeling in QGIS 3.2.1 – use and change label

Map is not just a picture in GIS, they represent several hidden information of objects. So in the upcoming days we try to understand it more and unearth the hidden data. After creating Basic Map, today we try our hands on layer labeling in QGIS 3.2.1 – use and change label. For extracting more information about the object we do labeling. It makes the layer interactive.

Need Data for study then Download Shapefile of Australia and United States Shapefile

layer labeling in QGIS 3.2.1

Labels are for providing more information about the object. This layer property depends on the attributes of the layer. So, lets start

How to get label dialog box

You can reach Layer Labeling dialog box by 2 ways:

By right click the layer >> Properties>> label (icon shown below)Or, Go to layer menu, select labeling.

Above map is not looking so attractive and informative.

In Labeling Dialog Box, it will show no label.
Click over it and select Single labels
Now come to the Label with (here you need to choose the field from attributes which is to be labeled). In the previous blog you learnt that. View attribute table
Lets select Name_0 from the drop down list.
Customize Font and Size.
Click Apply (live updates are available)

Now the map of continent is label like this.

So, this makes your map more informative. But still above map is not looking so good because off overlapping labels. These label are not placed in centre of object also. Multiple labels are also can be done in QGIS.

Convert CSV to KML

Hello guys, If you are looking for converting your CSV file into KML, you have landed on the right place. Here in this article we are discussing on how to convert CSV to KML in the easiest way possible.

A comma-separated values (CSV) file is a delimited text file that uses a comma to separate values. Each line of the file is a data record. KML or Keyhole Markup Language is a collection of geospatial data on map and commonly used in Google Earth or google services

Using Online MapOG Converter Tool you can easily convert – CSV to KML. You can also do other GIS Data Conversion using this tool.

IGISMAP to Convert CSV to KML

For CSV to KML conversion go to MapOG Converter Tool, after logging in with your registered email and password. If you are a new user, click the Sign Up button in the Login popup and register to IGISMAP by filling the details.

There are three main steps for using GIS Converter:

Click on Tool Converter
Upload the data
Choose the format to which it should be converted

Step one is to upload your CSV file which you want to convert. You can upload the file from your system or select from the Recent Files.

Note:

Input CSV file should have location information in WKT format under a field named as WKT.
Input CSV file should not have any columns with empty column name between other fields.
Well Known Text (WKT) is an Open Geospatial Consortium (OGC) standard that is used to represent spatial data in a textual format.
WKT format represents a geometry with the name of the vector entity ie., POINT, POLYGON or LINESTRING followed by the longitude and latitude of the point feature or the vertex of the polygon in brackets. Example for each entity is given below
- POINT (169.03934 -46.32844)
- POLYGON ((76.61103048 9.85276413,76.612068 9.85303305,76.6124496 9.85362534,76.61269368 9.85513401,76.61374668 9.85455036,76.61466216 9.85409739,76.61630232 9.85377888))
- LINESTRING (-123.031531560501 40.4178012488507,-122.889863902657 39.8410114990573,-122.464860929125 38.7886231836447,-121.311281429538 37.473137789379)
Name of the field ‘WKT’ is not necessary to be case sensitive.

Here we have uploaded the CSV file containing the locations of counties of Washington. It contains locations recorded in WKT format as follows:

Step two is to select choose the output format of the converted file, in this case its KML. You can also set the Coordinate Reference System of your preference. As a default CRS will set to WGS 84 (World) [EPSG:4326]. Click on the Convert File.

Your CSV file will then get converted to KML file after a few seconds and will be available for downloading.

You can also choose to style the layer or continue with further conversion process by clicking the Convert Another File button.

Converted Files section from the dashboard contains the list of the details of all the conversion done in your account, providing both input and output data available for download their corresponding formats.

You can also search locations, add new datasets, edit layers and style the map according to your choice and requirements. As IGIS Map Converter Tool provides many benefits other then just conversion of data. This tool provides us to generate this published map in PDF or as image format.

Other GIS data Conversions

If you are facing any problem in conversion or login then please let us know by mailing at support@igismap.com or drop comment.

Creating a Basic Map – QGIS

QGIS 3.2.1 works well for creating interactive maps, using good set of tools and symbology its become easy to implement. In the previous post we learn how to open and view vector data. So, today we are Creating a Basic Map – QGIS. For creating basic map we work with the vector data. Vector data is very common data format it describes the information in points, lines and polygons.

Creating a Basic Map: Adding vector layer

If you are not familiar with QGIS user interface then check our previous article QGIS 3.2.1 GUI

Open QGIS, we have a new blank map.
Add vector layer by choosing the icon.

In the dialog box, click on the Browse button. And navigate to the exercise data. (before using make sure to download the Exercise data)
Select the appropriate file, let say select road.shp
Here you are, this is your basic map
Save the project.

View attributes

If you are absolute beginners then question comes in your mind what is attributes. No worries when we are here, attributes is a data which store information about spatial data. It gives where, what and why about spatial data in tabular form.

So for roads, the layer we loaded in our basic map we will view its attributes. ->> Click on this icon for opening attribute table or you can use F6 or Go to Layer>> Open attribute table.

->> This attribute table provides more data about road layer, the lines that you see in the map are spatial data. These lines represents the roads.

Current basic map is not so easy to read. We will make it more understandable and interactive using Symbology (use of symbol).

Symbology

In the cartography design, symbology is technique to use symbols to represent graphic features of map. Visual appearance is very much important. Follow the steps for making your map more attractive –

Click two times on layer>> Layer properties dialog box will appear. Select symbology OR right on the layer>> click the layer properties in the menu. Symbology window shown below.

This all the creating a basic map – QGIS. Symbology is useful but the information contained in the layer is still hidden. In the next blog we will learn how to represent this data on map.

Hope it will be useful for GIS professional. Suggestions and feedback are most welcomed.

Introduction of QGIS 3.4.4 for beginners

Quantum Geographical Information System is a open source platform for viewing, editing, managing and analysis of spatial data with various features which makes your analysis better. As we need word processor to deal with words similar to this for spatial information we require GIS application. In this blog I am providing Introduction of QGIS 3.4.4 for beginners. QGIS 3.2.1 ‘Bonn’ is released on 20 July 2018. QGIS 3.6.2 is the current version but its functionality is same as QGIS 3.4.4. With the help of QGIS you can also create Interactive Web Map.

Want to convert Shapefile into KML in QGIS

QGIS supports both flavours of GIS datasets i.e Vector data formats and Raster data formats.

Download QGIS

You can also create map without using QGIS Click

QGIS 3.4.4 Interface or GUI

With the current version QGIS 3.2.1 many new features are added. Here we approach its feature one by one. You can also check How to open and view vector data in QGIS 3.4.4

QGIS desktop screen

Introduction of QGIS 3.2.1 for beginners

Components of GUI

Main area of QGIS is called as canvas. Likewise other GIS applications toolbars, panels, status bar and menu bar is also. Lets start its study in brief.

1. Menu Bar –

In the above image 1 number is showing main menu bar. You can access almost everything of QGIS from main menu. You can use various features and functions of the QGIS menu style. The Main Menu cannot be moved unlike the toolbars and panels.

2. Toolbar –

Toolbars have buttons that provide a one click access (i.e. shortcuts) to many of the features and functions found in the Main Menu. Toolbars are movable and free floating.

3. Canvas or Map Display Panel –

It shows geographic display of GIS layer or panel layers. It covers maximum area off course because of its function. Create a Basic Map on canvas

4. Browser Panel –

It provides a list of files on your computer. You can drag and drop GIS files into the Layers Panels to view them. This panel is movable and can be hidden/shown on the GUI. We can display it by right click at tool bar and choose the panels you want to use.

5. Layer Panel –

This panel shows map layers that are in your current project. Layers can be turned on/off, clubbed , change drawing order, etc. Extract or Select features in Layer.

6. Status Bar –

It display all the relevant information about the current project. It shows the current scale of the map display, coordinates of the current mouse cursor position,and the coordinate reference system (CRS) of the project.

Now, you get familiar with QGIS interface, how it works, what is the need. Hope this post is beneficial for amateur GIS professional. If you face any problem in downloading QGIS and in using QGIS 3.2.1 desktop drop you comments. Any suggestions are welcome.

Furthermore, you can also check QGIS Server – Configuration and Deploying QGIS Project , QGIS Servr – Installation in Ubuntu

QGIS Tutorial:

Basics of Cartography: Map, Map Projection

Cartography is a science which deals with the study and drawing of maps. Simply, we can say it is related to mapmaking methods. Cartography is made of two words ‘Carto’ means map or chart and graphy means ‘to draw’ or ‘to write’. Here in this article we will understand Basics of Cartography: Map, Map Projection.

Create beautiful Maps without writing a Code

Cartography in GIS

Cartography is related to representation while GIS is concerned with the analysis of spatial data. Sometimes, maps becomes more popular than their makers.

What is Map?

A visual depiction of all or part of an area on a flat plane is termed as MAP. Simply, we can say art of representing the surface of sphere or three dimensional into two dimensional body.

Types of Map Projection:

A map projection is the method to represent the spherical surface or object like that in two dimensional plane or flat surface. So therefore, there are both distortion and projection.

There are three major types of Projections:

The name of the projection is the shape that the image is projected onto.

Cylindrical Projection
Conical Projection
Planar Projection

Cylindrical Projection –

It is also known as Mercator Projection. One can imagine that a paper to be wrapped as a cylindrical around the globe, tangent to it along the equator.
In this projection size and shape of land near poles are highly distorted.
Area near the equator is lightly distorted.
Direction provided in this cylindrical map projection is accurate.
Cylindrical Map Projection is important for navigation.

Conical Projection –

In a conic projection area of the Earth is projected on to the cone. Simply we can say when we place a cone on the Earth and unwrap it, then the result of the projection is termed as conic projection. It is tangent to the Earth along a line of latitude.

Planar Projection –

Planar projection also known as azimuthal projection. In this projection a flat sheet of paper is tangent to Earth at one point. Point of contact may be any point on Earth surface; most importantly north and south poles are used for GIS database. Selection of point of contact depends on the reasons why we need projection or what type of function we want to do with the projection.

Even more Check : Formula to find bearing or heading angle between two points

See the Video for more clarification –

Hence, in this article we have covered Map projection. Hope this article filled the void by providing basics of Cartography.

Furthermore, you can sign up for free tutorials.

Subscribe to us on Youtube Channel Info GIS MAP

Fleet Management System – Requirement | Features | Cost

This blog post describes a detailed overview of fleet management system – Requirement, Time, Technology and functionality. All features of Fleet Management Systems are going to be provided in this post in details.

Fleet Management System:

Fleet Management System is the range of functions which allows transportation companies in business to minimize the risk related with the improving efficiency, proven return on investment, productivity in business and reducing the overall cost.
It is a modular based system that has been developed for the group of transportation or large companies using fleets/vehicles with the sole intention of operating the business in a timely manner and reliable way.
Fleet management includes a range of functions like tracking valuable assets; automate the fleet reports, Management of vehicles and security & control of the fleet.
We provide simple and versatile fleet management system which is backed up by mobile access and live support. We emancipate your fleet with the sharpest technology, outstanding features and 24 hr access.
Now you can have more time to achieve your destination then less time to worry about the fleet operations and route.

Requirement Gathering:

What do client requires?
We have an absolute idea of our client’s needs for the Fleet Management System in their business, so here is a list of some main requirements we think that every client would want in their Fleet management system.
- Reduce fleet management time and cost
- Integrate fleet planning and execution
- Real time tracking of fleet which includes vehicle tracking, driver detail and asset details.
- Fleet scheduling management for on-time deliveries and customer service.
- Automation of fleet reports.
- Management of fleet/vehicle Maintenance
- Fleet utilization management
- All time fleet monitoring
- Route tracking
- Expense tracking
- Fleet analytics

Hardware requirements:
Implementation of fleet management system would require hardware entities for Real time tracking of fleets and driver, which can be listed as:
- Mobile Phones (iOS/Android/Windows): Any Mobile phone with the driver with GPS enabled in it can be used for the real time tracking of the vehicle and the driver. This provides you the location access to any of the mobile or immobile fleet.
- GPS Device: Live GPS tracking devices are ideal for most vehicle tracking needs. With live GPS tracking systems in the fleet, you can have access to real-time data about vehicle location, use, driving speed and etc. This can be used to track driving habits, route vehicles more effectively, keep tabs on equipment that is at high risk of theft, and improve your dispatch processes.
  You can use both of these for the combine and separate tracking of the fleet and the driver.

Software requirements:
These are some software requirements for the implementation of the fleet management system:
- Server: We can use any server for this management system but we prefer these two servers to be precise that we will be working on:
  1. NGINX Server – Nginx is an open source web server which can handle a website with a huge amount of traffic. It is a high performance web server developed with an intention to handle websites with large number of users. Its speciality is that it can run on a minimal amount of resources and handle a large number of requests.
  2. Digital Ocean Server – Digital ocean server or ‘droplets’ is a cloud server which is designed to store and server massive amount of data while making it easy and cost effective. Digital ocean server use KVM as hyperviser and can be created in various sizes. It helps in build deploy and scale cloud application faster and more efficient
  We personally recommend to use Digital Ocean Server, as it is much faster, easy and cost efficient.
- Socket connection: One of the main software components of the Fleet management system is socket communication server. It is a central server component that communicates with the tracking units. Socket connection is capable of communicating with multiple clients units using multiple threads as it establishes TCP/IP socket connection with the remote hardware units. When the fleet GPS is connected, the server will authenticate the connection and proceed to receive information from the device.
- RabbitMQ: RabbitMQ is the most used open source message broker software. It originally implemented the Advance message Queuing Protocol, which we will be using in this system. If we add single entries from server multiple times in database it will lock itself. So for preventing that from happening we will use RabbitMQ, which stores a information until a receiving server connects and takes a message off the queue. The receiving server then processes the information in an appropriate manner. So we can insert bulk information in the database in particular time as we want.
- Database: We will be using any of these two databases for storing the data we collected from the tracking devices of the fleet:
  1. PostGIS/PostGreSQL
  2. MySQL
- Mapping Systems: This is the main software component of the Fleet management system. This whole system is dependent on the web mapping of the data or information that the GPS devices provide. For mapping the data we can use any of these two Mapping systems.
  1. Google Maps: Google Maps is the tool which is used to display geographical information on a map which is in a widely accepted standard format for digital maps.
  2. OSM (Open Street Map): OSM is the software that creates and distributes the open source graphic data of the world. OSM has no restriction of technical or legal type. It allows free access to its map images and underlying map data. Here we can show our tracking data in real time.
Features:
- Managing vehicles:
  We will provide you all the information regarding the fleet/vehicles in the web portal’s dashboard like vehicles insurances details, vehicle renewable reminders and Maintenance/service reminders for vehicles etc. Our system provides automated reports for every penny you spent on the vehicle and each expense you are going to do in meantime. We provide vehicle orders bar where you can manage orders and get previous order details.
- GPS Tracking:
  The tracking unit collects the location information with the help of the GPS (Global Positioning System) device which we used in our system as hardware. Global Positioning System can be used for providing the route to the fleet. GPS formats collected information into the system–specific packet format and sends it to server via socket connection server. Global Positioning System tracking system uses the Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) network. This network incorporates a range of satellites that use microwave signals that are transmitted to GPS devices to give information on location, vehicle speed, time and direction by which we can manage Real time tracking of fleet which includes vehicle tracking, driver detail and asset details and Fleet scheduling management for on-time deliveries and customer services.
- Speed tracking:
  Driving with excessive speed is one of the main factors in fatal road accidents. Driving at a safe speed can help save lives. Fleet managers have an interest in keeping their drivers on the road and out of the troubles, and they also want to ensure that their fleet is operating in an efficient and timely manner. Speed tracking and reporting is a principal feature in Fleet Management System. In terms of reporting, our systems will report all offences to base in real time (even have the capacity to set an SMS alert).
- Geofence:
  Geofence is described as the circular areas which are defined around a particular location. It is set by the client in Fleet Management system by able to define the radius of the area. The GPS location of the center of the circle and the radius define a Geo-fence. If a vehicles GPS location is within the Geofence, then they are in safe area and if any vehicle go outside the area of geofence the client is notified by a text or email alert and the event is recorded.
- Automate the fleet report:
  We surely provide the automated report on each transaction or order. We provide automated report of the previous orders of fleet which you can check any time or download the file.
Cost:
Contact us at our mail or put a comment below to discuss the expected cost.

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Requirement Gathering:

What do client requires?

Hardware requirements:

Software requirements:

Features:

Managing vehicles:

GPS Tracking:

Speed tracking:

Geofence:

Automate the fleet report:

Cost: