In this post we are going to focus on one of the important topic of GIS world, which is the “DATA CONVERSION”. Data Conversion means converting computer data into another format. With huge amounts of GIS data available for use, it is more cost-efficient and effective to convert the GIS data from one format to another than recreating all of it.
There are many ways to convert GIS data and the conversion may use special conversion programs. Simply, it may involve complex data exporting or importing procedures. As we know there are many data file formats used in GIS, this time we will be converting them from one format to another.
To get the list of the various data file formats you can visit our previous posts.
To make datasets usable together in GIS, it is necessary to convert the both vector and raster geospatial file from one format to another. And for doing the Conversion we already have posts about the data conversion from GeoJSON to Shapefile and KML to shapefile and many more, but they all have a long way to convert the GIS data. The Alternative to that is some free and commercial converter software or tools available on the web. There are a Lots’s of tools available on the web, but I recommend you to use IGisMap converter. MAPOG Converteris an online tool to convert GIS data from one format to another format.
MAPOG converter provides On-line conversion and transformation of both vector and raster geospatial data. In this on-line converter tool the uploaded data file is allowed to convert into various GIS data format.
MAPOG converter can convert bulk amount of data into another format using any coordinates reference systems. And then you can download the converted data or store it into MyMapData.
This all about MAPOG Converter tool hope it will make your spatial study easy. If you face any problem in data conversion then please comment or chat with us.
Hello GIS enthusiasts, IGISMAP has now published the latest GIS vector data of Singapore administrative levels. Links for downloading the shapefiles of the important administrative divisions of Singapore are provided in the following. You can also download these data in KML, GeoJSON or CSV formats.
Note:
All data available are in GCS datum EPSG:4326 WGS84 CRS (Coordinate Reference System).
You need to login for downloading the shapefile.
Download Free Shapefile Data of Singapore
Singapore, officially the Republic of Singapore, is a sovereign island country and city-state in maritime Southeast Asia. It lies about one degree of latitude (137 kilometers or 85 miles) north of the equator, off the southern tip of the Malay Peninsula, bordering the Strait of Malacca to the west, the Singapore Strait to the south, the South China Sea to the east and the Straits of Johor to the north. The country’s territory is composed of one main island, 63 satellite islands and islets, and one outlying islet, the combined area of which has increased by 25% since the country’s independence as a result of extensive land reclamation projects. It has the third highest population density in the world.
The regions of Singapore are urban planning subdivisions demarcated by the Urban Redevelopment Authority of Singapore to aid in its planning efforts. Over time, other governmental organizations have also adopted the five regions in their administrative work. These regions are:
Download Singapore Community Development Councils Shapefile Data
The Community Development Council or CDC is a government-led program to organize grassroot organizations and community programs into smaller, local units as a bridge between the government and the community in Singapore. It encourages volunteerism from wider community, and organizes community and social assistance programs with the help of a monetary grant from the government.
In 2001, the 9 districts and CDCs were then reformed into 5 CDCs, namely:
Disclaimer : If you find any shapefile data of country provided is in correct do contact us or comment below, so that we will correct the same in our system.
To Query GIS Data easily with IGIS map tool, we can use the Query tool. A GIS query tool, or selection tool as it is often know, allows us to filter a dataset based on criteria that we define.
Querying in IGIS Map Tool allows user to explore your data with rule based queries. User can discover their features of interest contained within the map by querying. IGIS Map tool allow users to build their own queries that we may not have envisaged when we first created the map. It also query GIS data according to their choice.
Query tools allow maps users to do more than what the map maker envisioned when they styled the layers. Here are the few steps to be followed for querying the map.
Select the “Query tool” option on the Analysis Section.
Select the Layer to query GIS data.
All the layers in your map are available in this section, you just need to select the layer in which you want to query in.
Confirm a shape i.e. circle , rectangle or polygon to draw a query.
User just need to select the shape and start drawing the shape on the map to query the data. similarly as above image shows the queried data as highlighted which is queried by a rectangle.
Click on the Get result button after drawing the shape. You can view the result in as tables and also download them as CSV Format.
This is how you can Query GIS Data with the IGIS Map Tool in a minute. Query tools allow maps users to do more than what the map maker envisioned when they styled the layers.
IGIS Map Query Tool can be used in various sectors like Insurance, Banking, Risk Management etc. There are also other query tools available in the market. mapOG tool however, is a much better choice to Query GIS Data if you want to share your maps with a larger, more distributed audience.
This may help you to Query GIS Data with IGIS Map Tool. If you find any problem in creating one such example do let us know by commenting below.
Hello guys, If you are looking for converting your CSV file into KML, you have landed on the right place. Here in this article we are discussing on how to convert CSV to KML in the easiest way possible.
A comma-separated values (CSV) file is a delimited text file that uses a comma to separate values. Each line of the file is a data record. KML or Keyhole Markup Language is a collection of geospatial data on map and commonly used in Google Earth or google services
For CSV to KML conversion go to MapOG Converter Tool, after logging in with your registered email and password. If you are a new user, click the Sign Up button in the Login popup and register to IGISMAP by filling the details.
IGISMAP
There are three main steps for using GIS Converter:
Click on Tool Converter
Upload the data
Choose the format to which it should be converted
Step one is to upload your CSV file which you want to convert. You can upload the file from your system or select from the Recent Files.
Note:
Input CSV file should have location information in WKT format under a field named as WKT.
Input CSV file should not have any columns with empty column name between other fields.
Well Known Text (WKT) is an Open Geospatial Consortium (OGC) standard that is used to represent spatial data in a textual format.
WKT format represents a geometry with the name of the vector entity ie., POINT, POLYGON or LINESTRING followed by the longitude and latitude of the point feature or the vertex of the polygon in brackets. Example for each entity is given below
Name of the field ‘WKT’ is not necessary to be case sensitive.
Upload CSV
Here we have uploaded the CSV file containing the locations of counties of Washington. It contains locations recorded in WKT format as follows:
CSV data with WKT field
Step two is to select choose the output format of the converted file, in this case its KML. You can also set the Coordinate Reference System of your preference. As a default CRS will set to WGS 84 (World) [EPSG:4326]. Click on the Convert File.
Select KML as Output Format
Your CSV file will then get converted to KML file after a few seconds and will be available for downloading.
Download and Publish KML File
You can also choose to style the layer or continue with further conversion process by clicking the Convert Another File button.
Converted Files section from the dashboard contains the list of the details of all the conversion done in your account, providing both input and output data available for download their corresponding formats.
You can also search locations, add new datasets, edit layers and style the map according to your choice and requirements. As IGIS Map Converter Tool provides many benefits other then just conversion of data. This tool provides us to generate this published map in PDF or as image format.
Quantum Geographical Information System is a open source platform for viewing, editing, managing and analysis of spatial data with various features which makes your analysis better. As we need word processor to deal with words similar to this for spatial information we require GIS application. In this blog I am providing Introduction of QGIS 3.4.4 for beginners. QGIS 3.2.1 ‘Bonn’ is released on 20 July 2018. QGIS 3.6.2 is the current version but its functionality is same as QGIS 3.4.4. With the help of QGIS you can also create Interactive Web Map.
Main area of QGIS is called as canvas. Likewise other GIS applications toolbars, panels, status bar and menu bar is also. Lets start its study in brief.
1. Menu Bar –
In the above image 1 number is showing main menu bar. You can access almost everything of QGIS from main menu. You can use various features and functions of the QGIS menu style. The Main Menu cannot be moved unlike the toolbars and panels.
2. Toolbar –
Toolbars have buttons that provide a one click access (i.e. shortcuts) to many of the features and functions found in the Main Menu. Toolbars are movable and free floating.
3. Canvas or Map Display Panel –
It shows geographic display of GIS layer or panel layers. It covers maximum area off course because of its function. Create a Basic Map on canvas
4. Browser Panel –
It provides a list of files on your computer. You can drag and drop GIS files into the Layers Panels to view them. This panel is movable and can be hidden/shown on the GUI. We can display it by right click at tool bar and choose the panels you want to use.
5. Layer Panel –
This panel shows map layers that are in your current project. Layers can be turned on/off, clubbed , change drawing order, etc. Extract or Select features in Layer.
6. Status Bar –
It display all the relevant information about the current project. It shows the current scale of the map display, coordinates of the current mouse cursor position,and the coordinate reference system (CRS) of the project.
Now, you get familiar with QGIS interface, how it works, what is the need. Hope this post is beneficial for amateur GIS professional. If you face any problem in downloading QGIS and in using QGIS 3.2.1 desktop drop you comments. Any suggestions are welcome.
Shape file shp to GML conversion is required when you carry data from one place to another. Shapefiles are heavy as compared with GML (Geography Markup Language). On the other hand we can say that GML makes you able to do many of the same things that you would do with heavyweight desktop GIS files.
For a more in-depth guide on this topic, be sure to check out our accompanying video tutorial, where we walk you through each step visually and provide practical demonstrations.
GML (Geography Markup Language) is about describing kinds of geographic objects. This is XML based language that contain two part- the schema that describes the document and the instance document that contains the actual data. GML schema allows users and developers to describe generic geographic data sets that contain points, lines and polygons. Using this schema user can differentiate between geometry primitives.
GMl format composed of geometry property and attribute detail in feature member tag. Here geometry defines which primitive is available in data. Whether it is point, line or polygon. These can be multilinestring or multipolygon. The given line of GMl defines the lineString, contains attributes as MED_DESCRI, RTT_DESCRI, F_CODE_DES, ISO and ISO_country in ogr tag. The srsName(Spatial reference system name) is given is file for each geometry as EPSG number.
LineString as Example of GML file Describing feature – Know Before performing shp to gml convert
Convert shapefile Shp to GML (Geography Markup Language) using Ogr2Ogr –
For converting shapefile in GML format you need to have ogr2ogr utility in your system. If this is not available you can follow the given procedure.
Convert Shapefile shp to GML – Geography Markup Language
After installing, you can check the availability of ogr2ogr in terminal by typing ogr2ogr, then you will be able to see the following result.
Command Line conversion – shp to gml-
Now, to convert Shapefile to GML you need to execute the following command-
In this command -f is the output file format i.e. GML then specify the output file name with .gml extension and after that input shapefile name with .shp extension. Note- while executing this command you must check for .shx file, which contains the positional index for geometry objects.
Code- Convert shp to GML
If you want the conversion using programing or don’t want to use terminal then this can also be done using PHP. You can create a function that defined this command as string and can give this string in shell_exec() method to execute. Shell_exec() actually execute the command and returns output as string.
public function shptogml($shpfilepath,$output){ $query=”ogr2ogr -f GML $output.gml $shpfilepath”; print_r($query); shell_exec($query); }
The GML output file will be something like this-
Change coordinate system of GML file from shp-
Many of times, we need the output file in other coordinate system. For this we can use options of ogr2ogr utility. It has
-t_srs srs_def:
Reproject/transform to this SRS on output
-s_srs srs_def:
Override source SRS
So using these option, we can get the data in required coordinate system. So for this you can write the query as-
Shapefile shp can be converted into GPS ( Global Positioning System) using ogr2ogr utility. The GPS data is best option when routes and tracks are required in XML format. Here we will check how to convert shapefile shp to GPX / GPS.
Convert Shp to GPX – Using IGIS Map Tool
Go to MapOG Conversion Tool . Login with registered id and password or if you are new then register with valid email id. Then tap on Switch To button select conversion in the drop down list.
Upload your file from system or drive or from drop box. After uploading the file choose the output format. And in the last click on Convert File button. You will be directed to the map where converted file is published.
Download the converted SHP to GPX file from the download icon. For detailed conversion watch the video provided below.
Details for GPX/GPS (GPS Exchange Format) and Shapefile Format Before Converting Shapefile to GPX GPS data-
GPX (GPS Exchange Format) is a light-weight XML data format for the interchange of GPS data (waypoints, routes, and tracks) between applications and Web services on the Internet. Shapefile is collection of geometry with attributes mainly comprised of three files .shp for which stores geometry, .shx which stores index and .dbf which stores data of respective attributes.
The example is given below for linestring feature of gpx version. Here metadata contains the bounding box with min (lat,long) and max (lat, long). The tag trk defines the tracks, which contains extension tag, trkseg tag and trkpt tag. Here extension tag contains all the attributes in ogr tag with values. Trkseg tag is the track segment, which is composed of track points with latitude longitude.
Convert- Shapefile shp to GPX / GPS- Global Positioning System
Convert shp to GPX /GPS using ogr2ogr utility-
Ogr2ogr utility has some options some of them are give below,
-dsco NAME=VALUE:
Dataset creation option (format specific)
-nlt type:
Define the geometry type for the created layer. One of NONE, GEOMETRY, POINT, LINESTRING, POLYGON, GEOMETRYCOLLECTION, MULTIPOINT, MULTIPOLYGON or MULTILINESTRING.
-f option:
format_name
GPX_USE_EXTENSIONS:
By default, the GPX driver will discard attribute fields that do not match the GPX XML definition (name, cmt, etc.).
If GPX_USE_EXTENSIONS=YES is specified, extra fields will be written inside the <extensions> tag.
If you don’t have ogr2ogr utility in your system please execute the given commands to install ogr2ogr,
Check the presence of utility by typing ogr2ogr in command prompt-
Code to Convert GPX GPS from Shp
The conversion thing can be done in PHP using shell_exec() method, given below-
public function shptogpx ($shpfilepath,$output,$type) {
$query=”ogr2ogr -f GPX -dsco GPX_USE_EXTENSIONS=YES $output.gps $shpfilepath.shp -nlt $type”;
shell_exec($query);
}
Change coordinate system of GPS/GPX file-
Changing coordinate system using ogr2ogr is a one of the simple task. It has various option, here two are given, which will help to convert the coordinate system into desired one.
-t_srs srs_def:
Reproject/transform to this SRS on output
-s_srs srs_def:
Override source SRS
So using these option, we can get the data in required coordinate system. So for this you can write the query as-
Formula to Find Bearing or Heading angle between two points. Bearing or heading angle is used to define navigation generally in the field of aircraft or marine or Vehicle navigation or while working for land surveying. So what’s the heading or bearing? How we can find bearing between the two points on earth, with the formula? Or How we can find the other point, when one point, actual traveled distance and bearing is given? Let us discuss all this points, followed with the example and experiment with the tool for calculating bearing provided in the post.
Route Compass – Bearing Angle Tool : This tool will help you to create a Route through Bearing angle and Distnace which can be used by many different applications.
Formula to Find Bearing or Heading angle between two points: Latitude Longitude
Bearing can be defined as direction or an angle, between the north-south line of earth or meridian and the line connecting the target and the reference point. While Heading is an angle or direction where you are currently navigating in. This means to reach a particular destination you need to adjust your heading direction with the bearing. Generally a ‘compass’ is an instrument, which gives you the direction information for navigation. You must refer Haversine distance formula before going through this post.
Calculating Bearing or Heading angle between two points:
So if you are from GIS field or dealing with GIS application, you should know bearing and how to calculate bearing with formula. Let us look on formula and tool for bearing:
Let ‘R’ be the radius of Earth,
‘L’ be the longitude,
‘θ’ be latitude,
‘β‘ be Bearing.
Denote point A and B as two different points, where ‘La’ is point A longitude and ‘θa’ is point A latitude, similarly assume for point B. Bearing would be measured from North direction i.e 0° bearing means North, 90° bearing is East, 180° bearing is measured to be South, and 270° to be West.
Note: If bearing is denoted with +ve or –ve initials whose values lies between 0° to 180°, then –ve is denoted for South and West sides.
Formula to find Bearing, when two different points latitude, longitude is given:
Bearing from point A to B, can be calculated as,
β = atan2(X,Y),
where, X and Y are two quantities and can be calculated as:
X = cos θb * sin ∆L
Y = cos θa * sin θb – sin θa * cos θb * cos ∆L
Lets us take an example to calculate bearing between the two different points with the formula:
IGISMap is a GIS based web platform providing multiple GIS applications that are most important in the field of geospatial analytics. The peculiarity of IGISMAP in the GIS Industry is its UI/UX that helps the user to perform effortless geospatial operations.
Bearing Angle tool of IGISMap can be used to create geospatial path based on bearing angle, distance and location. A path will be one or more straight lines connected between points plotted in order. User can plot required locations by simply clicking on the map or by entering address or coordinates. The path created in Bearing Angle will be available as GIS layer in the IGISMap. This GIS layer can be downloaded as GIS data in any format such as Shapefile, GeoJSON, CSV or KML.
Formula to find a lat lon point, when bearing, distance and another lat lon is given
Let us assume a condition, where you want to find out the where will an Airplane will land up, if you have following details of that Airplane, i.e actual distance it will travel, the bearing and the starting point (lat,lon)?
Let first point latitude be la1,
longitude as lo1,
d be distance,
R as radius of Earth,
Ad be the angular distance i.e d/R and
θ be the bearing,
Here is the formula to find the second point, when first point, bearing and distance is known:
latitude of second point = la2 = asin(sin la1 * cos Ad + cos la1 * sin Ad * cos θ), and
longitude of second point = lo2 = lo1 + atan2(sin θ * sin Ad * cos la1 , cos Ad – sin la1 * sin la2)
You may find both the tool on separate page, with Google map working on it: (It will be update in 2 days, please visit us again)
Tool to Find Bearing, when two points are given
Tool to find other point, when bearing, distance and one of the point is given.
I hope this article will definitely help you, to find the bearing or heading. You are free to share more data related to bearing or any thing that you uses to calculate bearing and how you use navigation with bearing.
If you find anything difficulty to understand the bearing calculation, you may comment below, so that we will discuss further on finding bearing or heading angle.
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This is what making it suitable to be used by a web application as an input. While layer file should be accurate with minimum error before deploying or issuing the same to the client, which requires lots of time to make. Obviously no client for project submission will tolerate the delay and so this task time is to be reduced. So this blog post will deal with, how reduce time duration of preparing a layer file?
This is quite possible by using ArcGIS inbuilt tools and this can be accomplished by understanding the need and using appropriate tool. A number of errors are generated at various stages of layer preparation like gap in a feature, overlap with other feature, self over and many more. These errors can be detected by selection tool or by running topology rules for every layer. But the question is removal of these errors. If there are just a hundred of polygons in layer one can remove it manually zooming on to every gap and overlap. But if there are a million or more number of polygons in a layer for example if a village has 1000 parcel on an average in a district of 600 villages, the total number of parcel in a district comes out to be 6 lakh. It takes almost equal time in preparing an error free file as much time used for preparing the layer file.
For this one task i.e. removal of gaps in a feature can be made easy and can be performed in less time by the use of a tool named Eliminate present in the Data Management toolset of ArcGIS.
Steps to remove gaps from a polygon layer file in ArcGIS
Detection of Gaps in the polygon File
1.) First all gaps in a layer file should be converted to polygons using auto complete polygon tool from the editor bar.
Forming polygons from gaps using Auto-complete tool
2.) Then these polygons should be copied to layer file.
Copying gap polygon to main file.
3.) Selecting all gaps in the form of polygon apply eliminate tool from data management toolset on the layer file.
Applying Eliminate tool on the polygon file to remove gaps.
4.) The gaps are merged with the neighboring polygon having larger area or longer shared border.
In this way the work of one month can be reduced to one week or lesser. This tool should be used for removal of small gaps only. As for larger gaps the decision of merging the gap polygon in which neighboring polygon should be done by visual interpretation and analytically perspective.
Hope this tutorial would help you to remove gaps from a layer file in ArcGIS. While I always works in Open Source tool in GIS, I would like to make you check the QGIS and QGIS tutorials.
If you are facing any problem related to the above, then do comment below, we would look for the problem and suggestion for the same.
